This page describes a signal of selection found in the
Guinea An. gambiae populationusing the IHS (Cite et al. 20XX) statistic.The focus of this signal is on chromosome arm
X between positions 15,240,000 and
15,780,000.
The evidence supporting this signal is
strong ( >= 100 on both flanks).
This signal overlaps the Cyp9k1 locus, a genome region with prior evidence of an association with insecticide resistance and/or recent positive selection in Anopheles mosquitoes.
Signal location. Blue markers show the values of the selection statistic. The dashed black line shows the fitted peak model. The shaded red area shows the focus of the selection signal. The shaded blue area shows the genomic region in linkage with the selection event. Use the mouse wheel or the controls at the top right of the plot to zoom in, and hover over genes to see gene names and descriptions.
The following 32 genes overlap the focal region: AGAP0008181 (CYP9K1 - cytochrome P450), AGAP000819 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member (Tailless)), AGAP0008204 (CPR125 - cuticular protein RR-2 family 125), AGAP000821, AGAP000822, AGAP000823 (CD81 antigen), AGAP000824 (bone morphogenetic protein 5), AGAP000825, AGAP000826 (cap-specific mRNA (nucleoside-2’-O-)-methyltransferase 1), AGAP000829 (calpain-15), AGAP000830 (CASPS7 - short caspase 7), AGAP000831 (DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 25), AGAP000832 (Derlin-2/3), AGAP000833 (MIP - myoinhibitory-like peptide), AGAP000834, AGAP000835, AGAP028655, AGAP013506, AGAP000840 (amiloride-sensitive sodium channel, other), AGAP000841 (Ras-related protein Rab-40), AGAP013101, AGAP000842 (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, assembly factor 1), AGAP000843 (cardiolipin synthase), AGAP000844 (Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 4), AGAP000847 (CDC-like kinase), AGAP000848, AGAP000849 (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex 1), AGAP000850, AGAP0008511 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6a, mitochrondrial), AGAP000852 (Small ubiquitin-related modifier), AGAP000853 (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), AGAP000854.
The following 5 genes are within 50 kbp of the focal region: AGAP000855, AGAP0008561 (tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase 2), AGAP000857 (mRpL3 - 39S ribosomal protein L3, mitochondrial), AGAP013097, AGAP012991 (Fascin).
Key to insecticide resistance candidate gene types: 1 metabolic; 2 target-site; 3 behavioural; 4 cuticular.
The following selection signals have a focus which overlaps with the focus of this signal.
Signal | Statistic | Population | Focus | Peak model ![]() |
Max. percentile | Known locus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H12/BFM/X/1 | H12 | Burkina Faso An. coluzzii | X:15,100,000-15,300,000 | 1,267 | 100.0% | Cyp9k1 |
XPEHH/BFM.GWA/X/1 | XPEHH | Burkina Faso An. coluzzii | X:15,060,000-15,260,000 | 852 | 99.4% | Cyp9k1 |
H12/BFS/X/1 | H12 | Burkina Faso An. gambiae | X:15,100,000-15,240,000 | 815 | 98.5% | Cyp9k1 |
XPEHH/BFM.BFS/X/1 | XPEHH | Burkina Faso An. coluzzii | X:15,580,000-15,800,000 | 718 | 99.9% | nan |
IHS/UGS/X/1 | IHS | Uganda An. gambiae | X:14,640,000-15,360,000 | 517 | 96.7% | Cyp9k1 |
IHS/BFM/X/1 | IHS | Burkina Faso An. coluzzii | X:14,760,000-15,620,000 | 501 | 100.0% | Cyp9k1 |
H12/UGS/X/1 | H12 | Uganda An. gambiae | X:15,160,000-15,480,000 | 348 | 94.9% | Cyp9k1 |
XPEHH/UGS.CMS/X/1 | XPEHH | Uganda An. gambiae | X:15,240,000-15,460,000 | 284 | 99.9% | Cyp9k1 |
XPEHH/UGS.BFS/X/1 | XPEHH | Uganda An. gambiae | X:14,960,000-15,320,000 | 204 | 89.8% | Cyp9k1 |
IHS/CMS/X/1 | IHS | Cameroon An. gambiae | X:15,520,000-15,560,000 | 162 | 96.6% | nan |
The information below provides some diagnostics from the Peak modelling algorithm.
Selection signal in context. @@TODO
Peak targetting. @@TODO
Peak fitting diagnostics. @@TODO
Peak model:
[[Model]]
Model(skewed_gaussian)
[[Fit Statistics]]
# function evals = 43
# data points = 311
# variables = 4
chi-square = 52.624
reduced chi-square = 0.171
Akaike info crit = -544.527
Bayesian info crit = -529.568
[[Variables]]
center: 0 (fixed)
amplitude: 3.13251252 +/- 0.085309 (2.72%) (init= 3)
sigma: 1.15142874 +/- 0.035262 (3.06%) (init= 0.5)
skew: 0.46466950 +/- 0.031142 (6.70%) (init= 0)
baseline: 1.84106998 +/- 0.032327 (1.76%) (init= 1)
ceiling: 100 (fixed)
floor: 0 (fixed)
[[Correlations]] (unreported correlations are < 0.100)
C(sigma, baseline) = -0.474
C(amplitude, sigma) = -0.394
C(sigma, skew) = -0.264
C(amplitude, baseline) = -0.252
Null model:
[[Model]]
Model(constant)
[[Fit Statistics]]
# function evals = 11
# data points = 310
# variables = 1
chi-square = 316.672
reduced chi-square = 1.025
Akaike info crit = 8.601
Bayesian info crit = 12.338
[[Variables]]
c: 2.45470937 +/- 0.057496 (2.34%) (init= 1)